Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Load Frequency Control for Power System with Renewable Energies Using the Lyapunov Reward-Based Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm

Author:

Zheng Yuemin1ORCID,Tao Jin2ORCID,Sun Qinglin1ORCID,Sun Hao1,Chen Zengqiang1ORCID,Sun Mingwei1

Affiliation:

1. College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

2. Silo AI, 00100 Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

The substitution of renewable energy sources (RESs) for conventional fossil fuels in electricity generation is essential in addressing environmental pollution and resource depletion. However, the integration of RESs in the load frequency control (LFC) of power systems can have a negative impact on frequency deviation response, resulting in a decline in power quality. Moreover, load disturbances can also affect the stability of frequency deviation. Hence, this paper presents an LFC method that utilizes the Lyapunov reward-based twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (LTD3) algorithm to optimize the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC). With the advantages of being model-free and mitigating unknown disturbances, LADRC can regulate load disturbances and renewable energy deviations. Additionally, the LTD3 algorithm, based on the Lyapunov reward function, is employed to optimize controller parameters in real-time, resulting in enhanced control performance. Finally, the LADRC-LTD3 is evaluated using a power system containing two areas, comprising thermal, hydro, and gas power plants in each area, as well as RESs such as a noise-based wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) system. A comparative analysis is conducted between the performance of the proposed controller and other control techniques, such as integral controller (IC), fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller, I-TD, ID-T, and TD3-optimized LADRC. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively addresses the LFC problem.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Tianjin

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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