Evaluation of the Influence of Short Tourniquet Ischemia on Tissue Oxygen Saturation and Skin Temperature Using Two Portable Imaging Modalities

Abstract

Background: The exact influence of tourniquet ischemia on a treated extremity remains unclear. Methods: Twenty patients received an operation on one hand under tourniquet ischemia. Twenty healthy volunteers received 10 min of tourniquet ischemia on one of their arms. Measurements of tissue oxygen saturation using near-infrared reflectance-based imaging and skin temperature of the dorsum of the hand were performed at five different timepoints (t0 was performed just before the application of the tourniquet ischemia, t1 directly after the application of the tourniquet ischemia, t2 before the release of the ischemia, t3 directly after the release of the ischemia, and t4 on the following day). Results: In both groups, tissue oxygen saturation dropped after the application of the tourniquet ischemia compared to t0 and increased after the release of the tourniquet ischemia. In the patient group, tissue oxygen saturation at t4 was higher compared to t0; in contrast, the level of tissue oxygen saturation in the participant group dropped slightly at t4 compared to t0. The measured skin temperature in the patient group showed an increase during the observation period, while it continuously decreased in the group of healthy participants. Conclusions: Short-term ischemia did not appear to permanently restrict perfusion in this study design. The non-invasive imaging modalities used were easy to handle and allowed repetitive measurement.