Biometric Identification Based on Eye Movement Dynamic Features

Abstract

The paper presents studies on biometric identification methods based on the eye movement signal. New signal features were investigated for this purpose. They included its representation in the frequency domain and the largest Lyapunov exponent, which characterizes the dynamics of the eye movement signal seen as a nonlinear time series. These features, along with the velocities and accelerations used in the previously conducted works, were determined for 100-ms eye movement segments. 24 participants took part in the experiment, composed of two sessions. The users’ task was to observe a point appearing on the screen in 29 locations. The eye movement recordings for each point were used to create a feature vector in two variants: one vector for one point and one vector including signal for three consecutive locations. Two approaches for defining the training and test sets were applied. In the first one, 75% of randomly selected vectors were used as the training set, under a condition of equal proportions for each participant in both sets and the disjointness of the training and test sets. Among four classifiers: kNN (k = 5), decision tree, naïve Bayes, and random forest, good classification performance was obtained for decision tree and random forest. The efficiency of the last method reached 100%. The outcomes were much worse in the second scenario when the training and testing sets when defined based on recordings from different sessions; the possible reasons are discussed in the paper.