Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments

Abstract

(1) Prolonged life expectancy often leads to declining health, reduced physical activity, and dependence, especially in institutionalized elderly. Frailty, obesity, limited functionality, and cognitive impairment are common. Physical activity programs for this demographic can increase weekly energy expenditure and improve frailty. Understanding differences in walking indoors versus outdoors is crucial for tailored programs. This study aimed to compare time, energy expenditure, and perceived exertion in institutionalized elderly walking indoors versus outdoors. It also explored how body mass index and cognitive levels affected these factors. (2) Employing a cross-sectional descriptive observational approach, the study gathered data on height, weight, accelerometers, the modified Borg Scale, the Timed Up and Go test, and the Lobo Cognitive Mini-Exam from a sample of 30 institutionalized older adults. (3) Walking outdoors leads to shorter walking times, higher energy expenditure, and increased perceived effort. Overweight individuals expend more energy in both settings, while cognitive impairment does not significantly impact walking preferences. (4) The study concludes that indoor walking is preferable for frail elderly due to lower perceived exertion, but outdoor walking is recommended for overweight individuals. Cognitive status does not influence the choice of walking environment.