Dynamic High Strain Rate Characterization of Lithium-Ion Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) Battery Using Split Hopkinson Tensile/Pressure Bar Methodology

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of the lithium-ion battery is evaluated by simulating the full battery system and each corresponding component, including the jellyroll and thin-foil electrodes. The thin-foil electrodes were evaluated using a novel design of split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB), while the jellyroll was evaluated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). A new stacking method was employed to strengthen the stress wave signal of the thin-foil electrodes in the SHTB simulation. The characteristic of the stress–strain curve should remain the same regardless of the amount of stacking. The jellyroll dynamic properties were characterized by using the SHPB method. The jellyroll was modeled with Fu-Chang foam and modified crushable foam and compared with experimental results at the loading speeds of 20 and 30 m/s. The dynamic behavior compared very well when it was modeled with Fu-Chang foam. These studies show that the dynamic characterization of Li-ion battery components can be evaluated using tensile loading of stacked layers of thin foil aluminum and copper with SHTB methodology as well as the compressive loading of jellyroll using SHPB methodology. Finally, the dynamic performance of the full system battery can be simulated by using the dynamic properties of each component, which were evaluated using the SHTB and SHPB methodologies.