Prompt Rise in Urinary Ammonium Excretion Suffices To Mitigate Metabolic Acidosis in an Experimental Animal Model of Severe Normovolemic Hemodilution

Abstract

Recently, we have established a model of severe stepwise normovolemic hemodilution to a hematocrit of 10 % in rats employing three different colloidal volume replacement solutions (Voluven, Volulyte and Gelafundin) that are routinely used in clinical practice at present. We did not see severe dilutional acidosis as to be expected, but a decline in urinary pH. We here looked on further mechanisms of renal acid excretion during normovolemic hemodilution. Bicarbonate, which had been removed during normovolemic hemodilution, was calculated with the help of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The urinary amount of ammonium as well as phosphate was determined in residual probes. The absolute amount of free protons in urine was obtained from the pH of the respective samples. The amount of protons generated during normovolemic hemodilution was approximately 0.6 mmol. During experimental time (5.5 h), distinct urinary ammonium excretion occurred (Voluven 0.52 mmol, Volulyte 0.39 mmol and Gelafundin 0.77 mmol). Proton excretion via the phosphate buffer constituted 0.04 mmol in every experimental group. Excretion of free protons was in the range of 10-6 mmol. The present data prove that the prompt rise in urinary ammonium excretion is also valid for acute metabolic acidosis originating from severe normovolemic hemodilution.