Optimal placement of phasor measurement units using topology transformation method based on Grey Wolf optimization approach

Abstract

The optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) requires minimizing both the number of PMUs required and ensure that the whole power system is totally observable. To identify a power system as observable, it is necessary to know the voltages of all the buses in the power system. This paper suggests rules of selection for the topology transformation method, which implies a process of merging a zero injection bus and one of its neighboring buses. The selection of a bus chosen to merge with a zero injection bus will affect the result of the merging process. To determine the most appropriate bus to merge with the zero injection bus, the proposed method will use four rules designed to determine the minimum number of PMUs required to achieve full observability of the power system. The problem is formulated and solved by a grey wolf optimization (GWO) approach. The suggested GWO has been applied to the IEEE 14-bus, 24-bus, and New England 39-bus.