Fostering Equity in Rural Education: A Literature Review on Student Dropout and Retention Strategies

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the causes of student dropout in rural universities. The objective was to understand a complex phenomenon that represents a major obstacle to development and equal opportunities in the rural educational context.   Theoretical framework: Different scientific publications were reviewed in all the academic platforms with the highest impact in the scientific field. This allowed the researchers to broaden their knowledge and, ultimately, to deepen their understanding of the subject studied in this work.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of the study included a documentary review, with content analysis as the main strategy. The databases Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO Dialnet and Google Scholar were used, with specific inclusion criteria related to the period of publication, type of study, languages and availability in open format.   Findings: The data found revealed that university dropout occurs due to various situations, such as individual and socioeconomic factors, geographic and access barriers, quality of education and available resources. In addition, cultural and social aspects, and sometimes the lack of empathy on the part of authorities, professors and peers, cause university dropouts.   Social, practical and research implications: The study has important implications for understanding and reducing dropout in the rural university context, which will have implications for areas such as education, policy and social development.   Originality/value: It is crucial that education policy makers and university institutions work in a coordinated manner to design comprehensive strategies tailored to the specific needs of each rural community. Continued research and analysis of the elements that influence dropout will identify new opportunities for improvement and ensure equitable access to higher education. This will contribute to the academic, professional and social development of rural students and strengthen the educational fabric of these regions. Taken together, these suggestions aim to strengthen student retention and provide equitable educational opportunities in rural areas, thus contributing to greater equality of opportunity and the integral development of these communities.