Investigation of accelerations of branch shaking and walnut fruit separation

Abstract

Purpose. Improvement of the efficiency of technical means for shaking walnut fruits due to the rationale for the marginal accelerations of branch shaking and fruit separation. Methods. The basic principles of conducting a field experiment using modern measuring equipment for measuring acceleration in the tree crown, as well as methods of planned experiment and statistical data processing were used. Results. The acceleration of the skeletal branches shaking at the point of capture, the acceleration of fruit separation and the values of the coefficient of transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the exerting force to the point of suspension of the fetus are investigated. The separation of the fruits from the branches occurs due to the force caused by the oscillation of the points of suspension of the fruits, in the process of transmission to the skeletal branches of the first or second orders of excitatory effort. In these circumstances, the point of suspension of the fetus receives marginal acceleration, which breaks the fruit with or without fertilization in the case of full maturity. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of nuts in fertilization are 3.5 and 4.5 times higher, respectively, than for nuts without fertilization. The transfer of accelerations from the place of application of the force of effort is carried out on the crown of the skeletal branch and is characterized by the coefficient of transfer of accelerations. This coefficient largely depends on the placement of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and the size and mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). The acceleration of the separation and shaking of the fruit with open and closed fertilization was established. Conclusions. The acceleration of the separation and shaking of walnuts depends on the degree of ripeness of the fruit, the size parameters of the skeletal branches and the distance of the capture of the branch the diameter of the skeletal branch at the base and the place of application of the force of the force. For fruits with fertilization, the acceleration of separation and shaking are 189.4–255.7 m/s2 and 164.3–349.4 m/s2, respectively, and for nuts in open fertilization – 51.91–68.1 m/s2 and 45.76–72.76 m/s2. The coefficient of acceleration depends on the location of the fruit in the crown relative to the location of the transfer of the force and size-mass parameters of the elements of the skeletal branches (branches of different orders). Both attenuation and acceleration gain were established, which is indicated by the transmission coefficient, which is fixed in the range of 0.59–1.41. Keywords: walnuts, fruit skeletal branch, acceleration, shaking of fruits, separation of fruits, coefficient of transmission of accelerations