ENXERTOS ÓSSEOS NA RECONSTRUÇÃO DE FRATURAS LE FORT 1

Abstract

Fractures of the midface are complex injuries that affect important bone structures such as the maxilla, zygoma and naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex (NOE), being classified by René Le Fort 1nto three categories: Le Fort 1, II and III. Such fractures generally result from car accidents, assaults, falls, sports and work accidents.Treatment aims at complete rehabilitation of the patient, stabilizing the fragments and restoring masticatory function, dental occlusion and anatomical relationships. Different approaches can be used for this purpose, such as osteotomies and bone grafts. Bone grafts provide stability to fractures, create a foundation for dental rehabilitation, and reduce the risk of complications. There are many options available such as autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic and alloplastic grafts. The autogenous graft is taken from the patient himself and is considered the gold standard, although obtaining it may increase the morbidity of the procedure. Each graft category has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is essential to consider factors such as biocompatibility, osteoinductive and osteoconductive capacity, in addition to market availability and possible complications. Selection of the ideal material is exceptionally important for the success of the procedure. Autogenous and allogeneic grafts have been widely used, viable alternatives are xenogeneic and alloplastic grafts. However, more studies are needed to assess its long-term effectiveness. The procedure for placing bone grafts in a hospital in the dental area is carried out by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and has open and minimally invasive techniques. Recovery time varies according to the type of graft and the extent of the procedure, requiring adequate post-operative care.A multidisciplinary approach, as well as collaboration between different medical specialties, are very important for a comprehensive and personalized assessment of the patient, ensuring an efficient intervention and a complete recovery, not only physical, but also emotional and social.