1. Edwin Burrows,Hawaiian Americans: The Mingling of Japanese, Chinese, Polynesian and American Cultures(n.p. Archon Books, 1947); Lawrence Fuchs,Hawaii Pono: A Social History(New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961), 275–279; Ralph S. Kuykendall and A. Grove Day,Hawaii: A History from Polynesian Kingdom to American Statehood(Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1976), 240–252. Historian Russell Kazal tracks the shifting perspective of scholarship on assimilation away from a specifically Anglo-American core toward which assimilating ethnic minorities gravitate. Instead, “viewing American society as a pluralism of constantly interacting and changing ethnicities…still provides room for the waning of particular ethnicities and the acquisition of “American” identities (“Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History,”American Historical Review100 (1995), 441). In the case of Hawai'i in the early-to mid-twentieth century, assimilation was, however, virtually synonymous with “Americanization.”
2. John Bodnar,Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 13–14.