1. DeLillo, Don. White Noise. New York: Penguin, 1985.
2. Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Trans. and ed. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961.
3. Freud, Sigmund. "On Narcissism." Trans. and ed. James Strachey. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol 14. London: Hogarth, 1953.
4. Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday, 1959.
5. Hayles, N. Katherine. "The Illusion of Autonomy and the Fact of Recursivity: Virtual Ecologies, Entertainment, and Infinite Jest." New Literary History 30.3 (1999): 675-97.