1. Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5; Canada and School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China Univ. of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
2. Full Professor and Chair, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada (corresponding author).