1. Research Civil Engineer, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hanover, NH, 03755-1290 (corresponding author). E-mail: shoop@crrel.usace.army.mil
2. Mechanical Engineer, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hanover, NH 03755-1290.
3. Chief Technical Advisor, United Nations Office for Program Services (UNOPS), Kabul, Afghanistan.
4. Graduate Student, Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA 02139.
5. Branch Chief; Retired, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hanover, NH 03755-1290.