1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105. E-mail: jimmy.kim@ndsu.edu
2. Engineer, Behlen Industries, Brandon, MB, Canada, R7A 7B3.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, ON Canada K7M 1B5 (corresponding author). E-mail: greenm@civil.queensu.ca