1. Research Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607 (corresponding author).
2. Technology Leader, Resistance and Solid-State Welding, Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, OH 43221.
3. Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
4. Professor, Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607.