1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI 49931 (corresponding author).
2. Project Engineer, Kiewit Engineering Co., Omaha, NE 68131.
3. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI 49931.
4. Engineering Manager, L. B. Foster CXT Inc., Spokane, WA 99216.