1. Faculty Member, Engineering Affairs Dept., Univ. of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 10071; Ph.D. Student, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 (corresponding author).
2. Associate Professor, Engineering Technologies, Safety, and Construction Dept., Central Washington Univ., Ellensburg, WA 98926.
3. Professor, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
4. Ph.D. Student, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.