Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials and Heavy Metals in Photovoltaics: Insights into Short- and Long-Term Waste Hazards

Author:

Emetere Moses E.1ORCID,Omotoso Adekunle W.2,Afolalu Sunday A.3,Amusan Lekan2,Jen Tien C.4,Hossain Khalid M.5

Affiliation:

1. Dept. of Physics, Bowen Univ., Iwo 232102, Nigeria; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Science, Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa (corresponding author). ORCID: .

2. Covenant Univ., Ota 112212, Nigeria.

3. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Afe Babalola Univ., Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.

4. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Science, Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa.

5. Institute of Electronics, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Publisher

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Reference43 articles.

1. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2013. “What are the U.S. standards for cadmium exposure?” Accessed October 1 2022. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/cadmium/Safety-Standards.html.

2. Radiometric assay of hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in soil profile in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria;Avwiri G. O.;Acad. Res. Int.,2013

3. Chromium;Barceloux D. G.;J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol.,1999

4. Natural radionuclide and radiological assessment of building materials in high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran;Bavarnegin E.;J. Med. Phys.,2013

5. Bellini E. 2023. “New technique to recover lead in end-of-life solar panels.” Accessed August 20 2023. https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/08/02/new-technique-to-recover-lead-in-end-of-life-solar-panels/.

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