1. Ph.D. candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2W2, Canada.
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2W2, Canada (corresponding author).
3. Emeritus Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2W2, Canada.