1. Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331 (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.
4. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA 18015.