1. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616.
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616.
3. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 (corresponding author). E-mail: eltawil@umich.edu
4. Senior Research Engineer, Building and Fire Research Lab., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.