1. Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., The Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905. E-mail: qiao@uakron.edu
2. C. W. Benedum Distinguished Teaching Professor, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506-6103.
3. Grad. Res. Asst. and Doctoral Student, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., The Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH.