1. Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701; Assistant Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Technology, Baghdad 45701, Iraq.
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; formerly, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701 (corresponding author).
3. Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701.
4. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701.
5. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325.
6. Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325.