1. Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kufa Univ., Kufa, Alnajaf 54001, Iraq; Ph.D. Graduate, Liverpool John Moores Univ., Henry Cotton Bldg., 15_21 Webster St., Liverpool, L3 2ET, U.K. (corresponding author).
2. Professor of Structural Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores Univ., Peter Jost Centre, Byrom St., Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K.