1. Research Civil Engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, NH 03755-1290 (corresponding author).
2. Research Civil Engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, NH 03755-1290.
3. Consultant, ARCTIKOR, 17764 Tapiola Rd., Chassell, MI 49916-9402.