1. ASCE. (1977). Sedimentation manual 54 . Reston Va.
2. Breusers H. N. C. and Raudkivi A. J. (1991). Scouring . Balkema Rotterdam The Netherlands.
3. Froehlich D. C. (1988). “Analysis of onsite measurements of scour at piers.” Proc. ASCE Nat. Hydr. Engrg. Conf. ASCE Reston Va.
4. Gao D. Posada L. and Nordin C. F. (1994). “Pier scour equations used in the People's Republic of China.” Rep. No. FHWA-SA-93-076 Fed. Hwy. Admin. U.S. Dept. of Transp. McLean Va.
5. Comparison of Pier-Scour Equations Using Field Data