1. Arunachalam K. (1965). “Scour around bridge piers.” J. Indian Road Congress 251.
2. The laminar horseshoe vortex
3. Chabert J. and Engeldinger P. (1956). Etude des affonillements author des piles des ponts . Laboratoire Natonal d'Hydraulique Chatou France (in French).
4. Chee R. K. W. (1982). “Live‐bed scour at bridge piers ” ME thesis Univ. of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.
5. Chiew Y. M. (1984). “Local scour at bridge piers. Report No. 355 Univ. of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.