1. Donald and Rose Ann Tomasini Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295 (corresponding author).
2. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295.
3. Research Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295.