1. Member ASCE
2. Member, ASCE
3. Prof., Disaster Prevention Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. E-mail: nakashima@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp
4. Prof. of Civ. Engrg., 233B More Hall, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700. E-mail: croeder@ce.washington.edu
5. Deputy Sr. Mgr., Struct. Engrg. Section, Takenaka Corp., 2-3-10 Nishi Hom-machi, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0005, Japan.