1. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., École Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079, Station CV, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3C 3A7; corresponding author. E-mail: tinawi@struc.polymtl.ca
2. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., École Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079, Station CV, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3C 3A7.
3. Res. Engr., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., École Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079, Station CV, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3C 3A7.
4. Struct. Engr., Le Groupe Axor, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3H 1E7; formerly, MS Grad., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., École Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079, Station CV, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3C 3A7.