1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, 3-028 NREF, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2W2 (corresponding author).
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, 35 St. George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A4.
3. University Professor & Bahen-Tanenbaum Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, 35 St. George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A4.