1. Researcher, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada (corresponding author).
3. Head of Bridge Assessment, Canadian National Railway, 10229 127 Ave. NW, Edmonton, AB T5E 0B9, Canada.