1. Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6.
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6 (corresponding author).
3. Section Manager, Building Construction and Steel Structures Division, Nippon Steel and Sumikin Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo 141-8604, Japan; formerly, Researcher, E-Defense, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED).
4. Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto Univ., Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.