1. Lecturer and Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593 (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593.
3. Associate Professor, Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya Univ., Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
4. Senior Researcher, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuda, Shijimi-cho Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan.
5. Fujita Corporation, 4-25-2, Sendagaya Shibuya, Tokyo 151-8570, Japan.
6. Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuda, Shijimi-cho Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan.