1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi Univ. of Technology, 1-1 Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan (corresponding author).
2. Specially Appointed Assistant Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
3. Doctoral Assistant, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
4. Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Univ., Tianjin 300-072, China.