1. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan City 701, Taiwan (corresponding author).
2. Antoine E. Naaman Collegiate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019. ORCID: