1. Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Soran Univ., Dlzyan, Soran, Erbil, Iraq (corresponding author).
2. Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Univ. of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg., Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
3. Professor of Construction Innovation and Director of the Centre for Cement and Concrete, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Univ. of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg., Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.