1. Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State Univ., 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI 48202.
2. Research Assistant Professor, National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (corresponding author).
3. Dowling Associates, Inc., 428 J St., Ste. 500, Sacramento, CA 94533.