1. Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931.
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931 (corresponding author).
3. Research Assistant, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering–Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931.
4. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering–Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931.