1. Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6; Lecturer, Dept. of Construction and Projects, Univ. of Babylon, Hila, Iraq (corresponding author).
2. Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701.
3. Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, and Donald and Sarah Munro Chair in Engineering and Applied Science, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
4. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701.
5. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701.