1. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (corresponding author).
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.
3. Professor, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.