1. Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1H9; Northern Crescent Inc., 727 7 Ave. SW, Suite #1100, Calgary, AB, Canada T2P 0Z5 (corresponding author). ORCID: .
2. Principal Engineer, Integrity Solutions and Compliance, Energy Systems, Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Canada Limited, Bow Valley Square 4, Suite 1710, 250, 6 Ave. SW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2P 3H7; formerly, Lead-Special Projects and Pipeline Integrity, Northern Crescent Inc., 1100-727 7 Ave. SW, Suite #1100, Calgary AB, Canada T2P 0Z5.
3. Professor of Structural Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1H9.
4. Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, 9211-116 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1H9.