1. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 900124.
2. Researcher, Sichuan Provincial Transport Dept. Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute, Chengdu 610031, China.
3. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
4. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 900124.
5. Professor, Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China.
6. Professor, Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China (corresponding author). ORCID: .