1. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2W2 (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Geological Engineering, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A9.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2W2.