1. Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
3. Professor, School of Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.