1. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan 70101, Taiwan (corresponding author).
2. Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
3. Master, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
4. Assistant Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.