1. Senior Engineer, Geotechnical Engineering Dept., Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210024, China (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Key Laboratory of Earth-Rock Dam Failure Mechanism and Safety Control Techniques, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
3. Professor, Institute of Hydraulic Structures, Hohai Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.