1. Laboratory for Remote Sensing and Climate Change Information, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
2. Professor, Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China (corresponding author).
3. Professor, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai Univ., Tianjin 300071, China.
4. Associate Professor, College of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
5. School of Architecture, Tianjin Univ., Tianjin 300072, China.
6. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal Univ., Tianjin 300387, China.