1. PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G7. E-mail: mlu@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca
2. Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G7. E-mail: smabourizk@civil.ualberta.ca
3. Dist. Constr. Engr., PCL Industrial Constructors, Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada T6E 3N7. E-mail: rhhermann@pcl.ca